Cardiac Care Services in Lucknow | Heart Disease Treatment

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is an orphan cardiopathy that results from the failure of the ductus arteriosus, a vessel which connects the pulmonary artery with the aorta in a newborn’s heart to close after birth. This vessel is very important in the fetus circulation because the blood is channelled round the lungs which are not yet functional. In most circumstances the ductus arteriosus closes in the first few hours or days of the life of a new born when the lungs begin to assume the responsibility of oxygenation. But if it stays open (patent), it gives rise to the shunting of blood between the aorta and the pulmonary artery and this may cause further problem.

Symptoms of PDA can be variable depending with the size of the ductus arteriosus and amount of blood flow that passes through it. Common symptoms include:

Rapid Breathing: Breathing problems, especially while eating or whenever the child is exerted.
Fatigue: Fatigability during feeding or during periods of feeding or while being physically active.
Poor Growth: Failure to gain sufficient weight in infants or poor weight gain like not gaining weight as expected or required within a certain period of time.
Sweating: Sweating, mainly during eating or crying and this is due to excessive sweating.
Frequent Respiratory Infections: Pneumonia for instance is likely to develop in elderly people than in any other group of people.
Heart Murmur: A smooth, slushing sound, obtained during physical examination, due to turbulent blood flow.

Symptoms Collapse Symptoms

Infants Show Signs of Breathing Difficulties: Cyanosis, that is a bluish discolouration of the skin due to poor oxygen supply, or grunting while breathing, particularly during feeding.
Poor Growth and Weight Gain: They said if an infant is not gaining weight or growing as expected.
Excessive Fatigue: They also complain of more fatigue especially if they are feeding or if they are taking part in some physical activity.
Heart Murmur Detected: In general, GHH, ASH, and HHS explained that if a heart murmur is found during the course of general check-up examination, then additional examination is required.

When to Go for a Medical Check-up Collapse When to Go for a Medical Check-up

PDA is mainly a condition which develops at birth and thus it is a congenital disease. Factors that contribute to its occurrence include:

Premature Birth: PDA is more frequent in premature infants, which may be explained by the fact that ductus arteriosus fails to close in the premature babies because of its incompetence.
Genetic Factors: Some children may be born with PDA because they inherited the condition from their parents; other conditions like downs syndrome will also place a child at a higher risk of developing PDA.
Maternal Health Conditions: Certain maternal infections or health conditions during pregnancy can increase the risk of PDA.
High Altitude Births: Babies born at high altitudes may have an increased risk of PDA due to lower oxygen levels in the environment.

Causes Collapse Causes

The diagnosis of PDA typically involves the following steps:

Physical Examination: A man might present regular check ups to a health care provider and the provider might identify a heart murmur leading to a more investigation.
Echocardiogram: An echocardiogram examination of the heart that enables one to get clear pictures of the heart in a bid to diagnose the situation and also in determining the size of PDA and its effects to the hearts functioning.
Chest X-ray: This may demonstrate that the heart is larger, or that more blood is pumped to the lungs than would normally be expected, suggesting PDA.
Electrocardiogram (ECG): An exam that measures the electrical patterns of the heart, and can help identify the presence of an enlarged heart and or arrhythmia.
Cardiac Catheterization: This procedure in some cases is applied to determine the blood pressure in the heart and thereby isolate the problem.

Diagnosis Collapse Diagnosis

The treatment approach for PDA depends on the size of the ductus arteriosus, the severity of symptoms, and the overall health of the patient:

Observation: In some circumstances mainly in premature infants, PDA is likely to close on its own and the condition can be observed with time.
Medications: Selective reduction may be achieved through the use of drugs such as indomethacin or ibuprofen especially in premature newborns. These drugs assist to reduce the size of the muscle present in the ductus arteriosus and promote its closure.
Surgical Repair: But if the PDA remains open and the patient has severe symptoms due to PDA, he or she might need surgery. The surgeon will then suture the PDA or simply use a clip to ensure that the blood flow is not usually defected.
Catheter-based Procedures: It is possible to close the PDA through an operation carried out non invasively by placing a coil or a device. This procedure is usually done in infants and kids especially when they have reached an age of one year or more.

Treatment Collapse Treatment

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