Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is an orphan cardiopathy that results from the failure of the ductus arteriosus, a vessel which connects the pulmonary artery with the aorta in a newborn’s heart to close after birth. This vessel is very important in the fetus circulation because the blood is channelled round the lungs which are not yet functional. In most circumstances the ductus arteriosus closes in the first few hours or days of the life of a new born when the lungs begin to assume the responsibility of oxygenation. But if it stays open (patent), it gives rise to the shunting of blood between the aorta and the pulmonary artery and this may cause further problem.
Symptoms of PDA can be variable depending with the size of the ductus arteriosus and amount of blood flow that passes through it. Common symptoms include:
PDA is mainly a condition which develops at birth and thus it is a congenital disease. Factors that contribute to its occurrence include:
The diagnosis of PDA typically involves the following steps:
The treatment approach for PDA depends on the size of the ductus arteriosus, the severity of symptoms, and the overall health of the patient:
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